一、怎样写好文章的开头
开头是作文在阅卷老师面前的第一次亮相,它将决定你所写的文章在阅卷老师心中所留下的第一印象。如果第一印象好,就意味着有了良好的开端,也就成功了一半。good beginning is half done,我们该怎样一提起笔就让自己成功一半呢?
(一)“开门见山”式开头
一般来说,文章的开头应尽量做到“开门见山”,即要用简单明了的语言引出文章的话题,使人一开始就能了解文章要说明的内容。
1. 对于叙事类的文章,可以在开头把人物、时间、事件和环境交代清楚。如“a trip to huangshan(黄山之旅)”的开头可以是:last month, my family went to huangshan by train. it took us ten hours to get there. what a long and tiring journey! we were tired but the beautiful scenery excited us.
2. 对于论述性的文章,可以在开头处先阐明自己的观点,接着展开进一步的论述。如“the time and the money(时间和金钱)” 的开头可以是:most people say that money is * important than time. but i don’t think so. first, when money is used up, you can earn it back, but……
(二)回忆性开头
在描述事件或游记类的文章中,采用回忆性的开头往往更能吸引人的眼球。这种类型的开头中通常含有描述自己心情或情绪的词汇,如n*r forget (永远无法忘记), remember (记得),unforgettable (难以忘怀的), exciting(令人激动的),surprising(令人惊讶的), sad (难过的)……如“a trip to huangshan(黄山之旅)”的开头还以这样写:i will n*r forget my first trip to huangshan. 或it was really an unforgettable experience i had.
(三)疑问性开头
在叙事类或论述性的文章中,都可采用疑问型开头,这样既可以吸引阅卷者的注意又容易抓住中心。如“planting trees(种树)”的开头可以是:have you *r planted trees? don’t you think planting trees is ……
再如“traveling abroad(出国之旅)”的开头可以是:if you have an opportunity to travel abroad, why not consider singapore?
(四)倒叙式开头
在有的文章,特别是叙事类的文章中,可以采用倒叙的写作手法,先写出事件的结果,再陈述过程。如“catching thi*s (捉贼)”的开头可以这样写:i lay in bed in the hospital. i smiled at my friends *n though my legs hurt. do you want to know what happened to me? let me tell you. it’s a … story.
二、怎样写好文章的结尾
文章的结尾没有固定的模式,同学们可以根据表达主题的需要灵活创造。一般情况下,记叙文和说明文经常采用自然结尾的方法;但夹叙夹议和发表观点类的文章则往往有结束语,以使文章首尾呼应,结构完整。文章结尾的形式也因文章类别和开头的风格而灵活多变。
(一)自然结尾,点明主题
随着文章的结束,文章自然而然地结尾。如“*ing the policeman(帮助*)”的结尾可以是:the two children were praised by the police and they felt happy.
再如“the tortoise and the hare(龟兔赛跑)” 的结尾可以是:when the hare got to the tree, the tortoise had already been there。
(二)首尾呼应,升华主题
在文章的结尾可以用含义较深的话点明主题,深化主题,起到“画龙点睛”的效果。如“i love my hometown(我爱家乡)”的结尾可以是:i love my hometown, and i am proud of it.
(三)反问结尾,引起深思
这种方式的结尾虽然形式是问句,但意义却是肯定的,而且具有一定的强调作用,可引起他人的深思。如 “learning english can give us a lot of pleasure (学英语能为我们带来许多乐趣)” 的结尾可以是:if we learn english well, we can …don’t you think learning english is great fun?
(四)表达祝愿,阐述愿望
这种方式的结尾常出现在书信或演讲稿的文体中,表示对他人的祝福或对将来的展望等。如“a letter to the farmers(给农民们的一封信)”的结尾可以是:i hope the farmers’ life will be better and better.
另外,书信的结尾常有以下形式的祝福语:best wishes;i wish you a merry christmas and a happy new year;i wish you have a good time等。
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